Declaration of Human Rights (1789) All aftermath of the French Revolution, the National Constituent Assembly decided to assign a special commission of five members elected July 14, 1789 to draw up a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen to be included in future constitution, a view of the transition from absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy of the Ancien Régime.
DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE CITIZEN
The French people, convinced that the neglect and contempt of the natural rights of 'humans are the only causes of the misfortunes of the world, determined to expose, in a solemn declaration, his sacred and inalienable rights, that all citizens, being able to continuously compare the actions of the Government with the goal of every social institution, not never leave oppress and degrading tyranny, so that the people have always before their eyes the principles of its freedom, the rule of the magistrate's duties, the legislator is the object of his missione.Art. I. The aim of society is the common good. The government is set up to guarantee man the enjoyment of his natural rights and imprescrittibili.Art. 2. These rights are: equality, freedom, security, proprietà.Art. 3. All men are by nature equal and opposite legge.Art. 4. The law is the solemn expression and freedom of the general will, it is the same for everyone, both to protect, and to punish, it can order only what is just and useful to society; may prohibit only what is nocivo.Art. 5. All citizens are equally eligible for public office. The free peoples know no other grounds for preference in their elections that the virtues and qualities of genius Art. 6. Freedom is the power that belongs to the man to do anything that does not infringe the rights of others: it has its foundation in nature, its rule in justice, its preservation in the law, its moral limit is in this maxim: "Do unto others as you would not want done to you" Art. 7. The right to express their ideas and opinions, whether in print, or in any manner, the right to peaceful assembly, free exercise of religion, can not be forbidden. The necessity of enunciating these rights supposes the presence or the fresh recollection of dispotismo.Art. 8. The security is the protection afforded by society to each of its members for the preservation of his person, his rights and his proprietà.Art. 9. The law should protect the public and individual freedom against the oppression of governanti.Art. 10. No one can be accused, arrested or detained except in cases determined by law and according to the forms prescribed, any citizen summoned or arrested in the form of the authority of law, must obey immediately, and if resistant, it is colpevole.Art. 11. Every act performed against a man, except as and without the forms determined by law, is arbitrary and tyrannical: the one against whom it wanted to do with violence, has the right to reject the forza.Art. 12. Anyone reminders, send, sign, execute arbitrary acts performed or face, he is guilty and must be punito.Art. 13. Since every person is presumed innocent until he is declared guilty, if it is considered essential to his arrest, must be severely repressed by law every penalty that is not necessary to secure his persona.Art. 14. No one shall be tried or punished, until they have been heard or legally summoned, and only by virtue of a law enacted prior to the offense. The law punishes crimes committed before its entry into force, would be tyrannical; give retroactive effect to the law, would be a delitto.Art. 15. The law may determine only punishments that are strictly and obviously necessary: \u200b\u200bthe punishments should be proportionate to the crime and the profits società.Art. 16. The right to property is that right due to every citizen, to enjoy and dispose at will of its assets, its income, the fruit of his labor and his attività.Art. 17. No kind of labor, farming or commerce can be forbidden economic activities of cittadini.Art. 18. Everyone can use his services and his time, but does not sell or be sold. His person is not a property alienable. The law does not recognize any bond of slavery, men who work and who uses it can not exist that a commitment to service and riconoscenza.Art. 19. No one shall be deprived of the smallest portion of his property without his consent, unless it is required to legally established public necessity, and upon payment of a just indennità.Art. 20. You can not establish any contribution if not for the utility. All citizens have the right to participate in the imposition of taxes, monitoring their use and make do with it conto.Art. 21. A public emergency services are a sacred debt. The company should ensure the existence of citizens in need, and providing them work, is providing the means of existence to those who are not able to lavorare.Art. 22. Education is a need for everyone. The company should encourage all its power with the progress of public reason, and make education accessible to all cittadini.Art. 23. The social guarantee consists in each of all to ensure the enjoyment and preservation of its rights: this guarantee rests on the sovereignty nazionale.Art. 24. It can not exist if the limits of public functions are not clearly determined by law, and is not responsible for all insured funzionari.Art. 25. Sovereignty resides in the people. It is one, indivisible, inalienable and inalienabile.Art. 26. No fraction of the people can exercise the power of the whole people, but each section met in the sovereign assembly shall enjoy the right to express their will with full libertà.Art. 27. Everyone who usurp the sovereignty be instantly put to death by men liberi.Art. 28. A people has the right to revise, reform and change its constitution: a generation can not subject to its laws future.Art generations. 29. Every citizen has equal right to participate in the formation of the law and the appointment of its representatives or its agenti.Art. 30. Public functions are all temporary and can not be regarded as privileges or rewards, but as doveri.Art. 31. 1 offenses of the representatives of people and their agents shall in no case go unpunished. Nobody has the right to expect more of the other cittadini.Art inviolable. 32. The right to present petitions to the depositories of the public can not, under any circumstances, be forbidden, suspended, or limitato.Art. 33. Resistance to oppression is a result of other human rights Art. 34. There is oppression against the social body is oppressed when one of its members. There is oppression against any member, when the body is oppressed sociale.Art. 35. When the government violates the rights of the people, the insurgency is for the people and for each section of the people, the holiest and most imprenscindibile duty.
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